![]() ![]() Networks are divided into two main categories: local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). Data communications between remote parties can be achieved through a process called networking, involving the connection of computers, media, and networking devices. To fully grasp this subject, we must understand the data communication components, how different types of data can be represented, and how Networks exist so that data may be sent from one place to another-the basic concept of data communications. Four major concepts are discussed: data communications, networking, protocols and standards, and networking models. Part 1 provides a general idea of what we will see in the rest of the book. Finally, we discuss different types of protocols, the difference between protocols and standards, and the organizations that set those standards. ![]() The Internet is discussed as a good example of an internetwork (i.e., a network of networks). Then we define networks as a highway on which data can travel. ![]() First we give a broad definition of data communications. This chapter addresses four issues: data communications, networks, the Internet, and protocols and standards. We want to access the Internet to download and upload information quickly and accurately and at any time. One goal is to be able to exchange data such as text, audio, and video from all points in the world. Research in data communications and networking has resulted in new technologies. For example, established telephone services such as conference calling, call waiting, voice mail, and caller ID have been extended. As a result, services are evolving to allow use of this expanded capacity. Technological advances are making it possible for communications links to carry more and faster signals. A similar revolution is occurring in data communications and networking. The development of the personal computer brought about tremendous changes for business, industry, science, and education. But before we ask how quickly we can get hooked up, we need to know how networks operate, what types of technologies are available, and which design best fills which set of needs. Why wait a week for that report from Germany to arrive by mail when it could appear almost instantaneously through computer networks? Businesses today rely on computer networks and internetworks. Business decisions have to be made ever more quickly, and the decision makers require immediate access to accurate information. Data communications and networking are changing the way we do business and the way we live. ![]()
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